Wavefront sensing is a technique used in optics and astronomy to measure the characteristics of a wavefront, which is the spatial distribution of optical phase in a beam of light. By analyzing the wavefront, researchers can determine aberrations and other distortions in optical systems, such as telescopes or microscopes, and make corrections to improve image quality. Wavefront sensing is commonly used in adaptive optics systems to compensate for atmospheric turbulence and other disturbances that can degrade images acquired by telescopes.